It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. Six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and bahrain. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. A t the dawn of the first winter after the arab spring, bahrain is an island of sadness. In sectarian gulf, toby matthiesen paints a very different picture, offering the first assessment of the arab spring. Download the pdf and write to the authorities today. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Bahrains contribution to the arab spring bahrain al. Saudi arabia has played a leading role in opposition to the arab spring.
Arab spring has been regarded as an arab phenomenon from the outset, explanations that are given of the arab spring have been ad hoc and are not representative of the entire arab world. Saudi arabia and the arab spring gulf research center in search of stability. Five years ago, people in bahrain rose up in protest to demand reform, but were met with violence from security forces. Arab spring yields different outcomes in bahrain, egypt. Pdf inspired by the events of the arab spring, political activists in bahrain organized an antigovernment demonstration on 14 february 2011, which. Bahrains young people mark fifth anniversary of arab spring. The daily beast answers six key questions about the uprising. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. At the same time, the outside world has heard relatively little of what is going on in bahrain when compared with other arab countries such as egypt, libya, syria, and tunisia. Blythe a thesis submitted to johns hopkins university in conformity with the requirements for the degree of master of arts in global security studies.
The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Arab spring, while the demands of protestors and revolutionaries were more mundane. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. The arab spring effect on labor politics in bahrain and oman. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia. The arab spring is therefore both a domestic and a foreign policy issue in saudi arabia. It is widely believed to rebound in the near future.
Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The arab spring created uncertainty for the economy. This title, earned in 2012, earmarks bahrain as a top twenty location for internal investment, economic development. In spring 2011 it quickly announced enormous direct and indirect payments to the population, in order to.
Among the unsuccessful uprisings for political reform in the socalled arab spring is that of bahrain. The gulf island state is a special case in the context of the uprisings of the arab spring. Hundreds of thousands of tunisians took to the streets calling for an end to authoritarian rule. Click download or read online button to bahrain from the twentieth century to the arab spring book pdf for free now. Ideas reports special reports, kitchen, nicholas ed. The arab spring and its effects on the region, the united states, and the international community by devin m. Such incentives have recently earned bahrain the title of host of three of the worlds top twenty economic zones. However, when looking closely at what happened, we see that there is a misusage of the concept of arab. Shrouded as he was for a decade in an apparent cloak of anonymity and obscurity, osama bin laden was by no means an invisible man. However, saudi and qatari reactions to the arab uprisings proved to be. Bahrain and the global balance of power after the arab spring.
Sectarianism and power maintenance in the arab spring. After the arab spring and the fall of mubarak in egypt, it was exactly this alliance that was threatened, creating worries in saudi arabia and israel, which both saw the risk of an islamist egypt opening the gates of the arab middle east to iran. In bahrain, the government has seemingly reasserted its authority. After longruling autocrats were toppled in tunisia and egypt in early 2011, a wave of public protests. Kelly mcevers made several trips to bahrain this past year and filed this report as part of nprs series looking at the arab spring and where it stands today. With firsthand accounts of events in bahrain, saudi arabia, and kuwait, matthiesen tells the story of the early protests, and illuminates how. Bahrain follows the same pattern as the rest of the arab spring in that established and officially recognized opposition groups have been led by youth groups on the streets. He was ubiquitous and palpable, both in a physical and a cyberspectral form, to the extent that his death took on something of the feel of an exorcism. Arab spring yields different outcomes in bahrain, egypt and libya. At home the saudi leadership is pursuing a carrotandstick strategy. Bahrain has been wracked by unrest since in february 2011, when demonstrators occupied manamas pearl roundabout, demanding more democracy and an end to discrimination against the majority shia. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. We ask if the arab spring has ultimately failed to bring change to libya and bahrain, or if theres hope for the future.
Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction. Central to bahrains crackdown on prodemocracy protests has been the use of special military courts as well as civilian courts. How do you assess the state of the arab spring in the arab peninsula and the gulf. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012.
In sectarian gulf, toby matthiesen paints a very different picture, offering the first assessment of the arab spring across the region. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. As popular uprisings spread across the middle east, popular wisdom often held that the gulf states would remain beyond the fray. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. Bahrain suffered dramatically from the protests and unrest and it will require a lot of effort from the government to recover. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to anticipate it, but given its. Parks on november 45, 2011, the asan institute for policy studies held the first asan middle east conference, a biennial gathering of the worlds foremost experts on the middle east and north africa mena region. The 2011 protests in bahrain, which is home to the us navys 5th fleet, were the largest of the arab spring wave of demonstrations to rock the gulf arab states. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia.
The aim of this chapter is to examine the use of the social media by the bahraini antigovernment movement since the outbreak of the arab spring in. Impact of arab spring on bahrain the college of wooster. Kristian coates ulrichsen, middle east fellow at the baker institute for public policy, associate fellow at chatham house and a visting fellow at the london school of economics lse published a paper titled qatar and the arab spring. Bahrain from the twentieth century to the arab spring download bahrain from the twentieth century to the arab spring ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. In much of the popular analysis over the past year the term arab spring has become the defining characteristic of the new middle east emerging from decades of authoritarian and repressive rule.
The role of social media in the arab spring, a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests in the middle east and north africa between 2010 and 2012, remains a highly debated subject. These developments have been consolidated by the arab spring, where us support for reform and democracy in egypt and north africa has pushed the. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. Looking in depth at two states that have had significantly different outcomes from the uprisings tunisia and bahrain the article analyses the. The bahraini government used the spectre of sectarian violence to justify their crackdown on peaceful protesters. Uprisings occurred in states regardless of their levels of internet usage, with some states with high levels of internet usage such as bahrain, with 88% of its population online in 2011 experiencing.
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